华东理工大学2005年考博英语真题和答案

编辑：在职博士招生信息网发布时间：2017-11-14

　　广大考博生们在复习过程中，往往无从下手，各学校研究生院的历年考博专业课真题无疑是复习中最重要的参考，博士招生信息网（www.boshivip.cn）整理了华东理工大学2005年考博英语真题给大家，希望考博生们在博士考试中取得好成绩。

　　II. Vocabulary:10%

　　21. Mr. Bridges mentioned briefly several other subjects in the course of his
　　talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic
　　A. touched off B. touched down
　　C. touched on D. touched up
　　22. Ted got a better job and left the school before Mrs. Wolcox had him
　　expelled.
　　A. disgraced B. degraded
　　C. executed D. ejected
　　23. Realizing that many readers find long descriptive passages uninteresting,
　　Bruce began his story with an exciting conflict.
　　A. melancholy B. tedious
　　C. incredible D. offensive
　　24. One of Nike's founders, Phillip Hampson Knight had been a top athlete when
　　he was at the University of Oregon and he moved on to become a student at
　　Stanford Business School, but retained his interest in sport.
　　A. remained B. preserved
　　C. continued D. restrained
　　25. A haphazard knowledge of several styles of a language may be worse than
　　useless if we do not know the type of occasion on which each is appropriate or
　　if we do not know when we are sliding from one of another.
　　A. causal B. disorganized
　　C. systematic D. unplanned
　　26. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation
　　but of love.
　　A. respectation B. possession
　　C. dominance D. destruction
　　27. Recent border confrontations between the two countries lead credence to the
　　rumors of an impending war.
　　A. conflicts B. consequences
　　C. conferences D. enterprises
　　28. You may make good grades by studying only before examinations, but you will
　　succeed eventually only by studying hard every day.
　　A. in due course B. in the long run
　　C. in the main D. in the first place
　　29. Gaining acknowledgement from fellow workers and managers gives a person a
　　sense of importance in society.
　　A. admittance B. permission
　　C. recognition D. denial
　　30. You should be relieving me of duty at 10:30, but don't hurry if it's
　　inconvenient; I'll hang on till you arrive.
　　A. turn on B. look over
　　C. keep on D. take over
　　31. Before sitting for the entrance examination for post-graduate students, many
　　candidates try to familiarize themselves with the formula of the exam by doing
　　_____ tests.
　　A. imitated B. simulated C. stimulated D. illustrated
　　32. Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the
　　___ of parting.
　　A. jealousy B. relief
　　C. anguish D. appreciation
　　33. James is very set in his ways, but Mark has a more ___ attitude to life.
　　A. tolerant B. flexible
　　C. cautious D. defensive
　　34. He was so mean that he couldn't bear to ___ the smallest sum of money
　　for the charity appeal.
　　A. let out B. pay up
　　C. give in D. part with
　　35. Some one has said that a man's history begins about one hundred and fifty
　　years before his birth, or words ___ .
　　A. in any case B. to that effect
　　C. in a sense D. to the contrary
　　36. It is reported that a conference on world communications and transportation
　　will be ___ by the British government next month.
　　A. subscribed to B. given out
　　C. presided over D. put on
　　37. Mario was awarded the medal for 'displaying professional ___ of the highest
　　order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.
　　A. solution B. supervision
　　C. intelligence D. competence
　　38. The birchbark canoe is not as ___ as it appears; it is built to withstand
　　long journeys over rough waters.
　　A. solid B. fragile
　　C. tough D. sturdy
　　39. Coach Green allowed John to join the basketball team although, ___, he was
　　not tall enough.
　　A. economically B. technically
　　C. methodically D. intellectually
　　40. Mrs Smith thought her children went to the movies; ___ , they went to the
　　zoo.
　　A. in general B. or rather
　　C. on the contrary D. so to speak

　　III. Reading Comprehension:

　　1
　　Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later
　　he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic.
　　And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In
　　the 1960sa new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great
　　practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to
　　revolutionize the art and science of surgery.
　　The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over
　　the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser
　　means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know,
　　light is hot; any source of light---from the sun itself down to a humble match
　　burning---will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area.
　　The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light
　　with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes
　　intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
　　Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy
　　sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It
　　is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without
　　harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the
　　eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀口缝合）， no unwanted damage--a true surgical
　　wonder.
　　Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of
　　recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more
　　difficult operations can now be tried.
　　The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it
　　clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will
　　be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more
　　effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to
　　light on the diseases which can be treated medically.

　　41.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations
　　were ___ .
　　A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic
　　42.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ___ .
　　A. medical help became available for industrial workers.
　　B. the study of art went through a complete revolution.
　　C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.
　　D. man's whole approach to surgery changed completely
　　43.The laser beam is so strong because ___ .
　　A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
　　B. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
　　C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting
　　D. it sends out heat in many different directions
　　44.Surgeons can now carry out operations which ___ .
　　A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye
　　B. result in long periods of recovery time for patients
　　C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam
　　D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves
　　45.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ___ .
　　A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
　　B. surgery is likely to improve considerably
　　C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from
　　D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer

　　2
　　In 1885 Owen Wister （1850-1938） recorded that “it won't be a century before the
　　West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own” and he
　　wanted “to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues
　　and the vices of this extraordinary phase of American social progress.” He never
　　became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian
　　was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is
　　still the most popular “Western” novel ever published and the master design for
　　the fiction of the Wild West.
　　The Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as “horse
　　opera”, whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and
　　short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy
　　is the hero and gentleman, one of those “good men in the humbler walks of life”,
　　who seems through shams, defends justice and a lady's honor, shoots it out with
　　the villain and conquers evil. Because of the Virginian, Wister created a
　　character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the
　　embodiment of certain American ideals --- a man who is equal to all occasions,
　　who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is “a broad-guage
　　fellow living among narrow-guage folk”. But the literary device and cowboy code
　　which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This
　　necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman
　　prohibited. The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious
　　fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of
　　achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic,
　　the cowboy story.
　　46.Owen Wister believed ___ .
　　A. the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phase
　　b. the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male.
　　C. the West would be always isolated from the rest of the country by
　　its moral code.
　　D. none of these.
　　47.The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolstoi implies that ___ .
　　A. The Virginian is as great a novel as War and Peace
　　B. Wister underestimated himself as an author
　　C. Wister wanted to be a writer of light novels
　　D. as Tolstoi had laid bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so
　　Wister would do for the society of the American West.
　　48.Stylistically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it ___ .
　　A. was written according to a pre-established formula.
　　B. established the formula known as “horse opera”.
　　C. followed the literary conventions of the day.
　　D. abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones.
　　49. The popularity which was accorded The Virginian indicates that
　　Wister ___ .
　　A. realized his stated ambition
　　B. gave us an authentic account of the western experience
　　C. became the American Tolstoi
　　D. had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American
　　aspirations
　　50.The author of the article believes that ___ .
　　A. The Virginian did not deserve the success it won
　　B. Wister made a definite contribution to American literature
　　C. Wister was a hack
　　B. cowboy stories should be considered serious fiction

　　3
　　Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught
　　unawares as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a
　　small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope
　　and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories
　　about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less
　　cheerful.
　　The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was
　　typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied
　　locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that
　　new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the
　　skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a
　　hard base---the skiing that dreams are made of. And sometimes nightmares.
　　Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities
　　because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards.
　　Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the
　　section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather
　　higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of
　　these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperatures sends a thin
　　stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply
　　slides off the mountain.
　　Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to
　　avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to
　　catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time
　　to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and
　　above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.
　　In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skier
　　ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that
　　avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants
　　the image of being a death trap.
　　51.Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with
　　death because ___ .
　　A. they fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can be
　　B. they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runs
　　C. they are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happen
　　D. they ski great distances down the mountainsides
　　52. According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg area of Austria
　　before the accident happened were ___ .
　　A. perfect for the inexperienced skier
　　B. unsafe because the new snow was covered with ice
　　C. typical of conditions resulting in avalanches
　　D. suitable only for skiing locally
　　53. It would appear from the text that avalanches are brought about
　　because ___ .
　　A. a particular section of snow is not thick enough
　　B. there is a slight fall in the temperature
　　C. heavy snowfalls turn into rain
　　D. the ice between different sections of snow melts
　　54. In areas where avalanches are known to happen ___ .
　　A. local residents stay indoors when the weather is bad
　　B. measures are taken to prevent serious avalanches
　　C. small avalanches can easily be prevented
　　D. skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position
　　55.Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if ___ .
　　A. they stay on the officially approved slopes
　　B. they ski only for pleasure
　　C. they ski only at resorts
　　D. they choose less crowded ski slopes

　　4
　　The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities,
　　including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed
　　that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with
　　it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has
　　developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other
　　nationalities.
　　Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully
　　relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or
　　foreigner she often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness
　　a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking
　　businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a
　　corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An Englishman,
　　pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On
　　entering a railway carriage shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to
　　say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code
　　of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately suspect.
　　In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of
　　enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc., often accompanied by appropriate
　　gestures. The Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels
　　no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his feelings
　　far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on
　　the great beauty of a young Girl. Whereas a more emotional man might describe
　　her as “an excellent jewel”, “extremely beautiful”, “precious”, the Englishman
　　will flatly state “Um, she's all right”. An Englishman who has seen a highly
　　successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “It's not
　　bad, you know,” or on seeing very unusual scenery he might convey his pleasure
　　by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.” The overseas visitor must not be disappointed
　　by this apparent lack of interest and involvement; he must realize that “all
　　right”, “not bad”, and “nice”, very often have the sense of “first-class”,
　　“excellent”, “beautiful”. This special use of language, particularly common in
　　England, is known as restrained statement.
　　56. From the passage people can infer that the English are different from
　　other nationalities mainly in ___ .
　　A. taste B. character
　　C. the principle of behavior D. all aspects
　　57.If one doesn't want to be suspected in public, he had better
　　A. behave relaxed ___ .
　　B. shake hands with all people he meets
　　C. talk with others D. keep quiet
　　58.The word “inhibited” most nearly means ___ .
　　A. friendly B. polite C. afraid D. restrained
　　59. According to the passage, the Englishman ___ .
　　A. has less feelings than other nationalities
　　B. has emotions as deep as any other nationalities
　　C. expresses emotion by use of his language
　　D. likes to have a joke with foreign visitors
　　60.An Englishman's saying “all right” usually has the sense of ___ .
　　A. “not bad” B. “quite right”
　　C. “fairly good” D. “very good”

　　IV. Translation 10%
　　Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese.
　　Historically, Jeep's reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the
　　Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company,
　　carried Allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.
　　The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring says the mane Jeep stemmed from the
　　United States Army's decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose
　　vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep,” from the pronunciation of
　　the letters GP, and became a trademark owned by the Willy company.
　　Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of
　　money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number
　　and style of models available. Chrysler says the Jeep's wartime reputation and
　　rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as a
　　recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for
　　recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction
　　（known commercially as 4 WD） for which the army jeep was famous.

　　V. Writing 20%
　　Directions: For this part , you are required to write a composition of about 200
　　words on the topic How To Solve The Energy Problem. You must base your
　　composition on the following outline: （Write your composition on the Answer
　　Sheet）
　　1.Energy is one of the biggest problems most concerned by the people.
　　2.One of the solution to the problem is severe conservation of natural
　　resources.
　　3.The best way to solve the problem is develop new sources of energy.
　　chow Part III Error Identification（5%）
　　Directions: There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in
　　each of the following entences.
　　Choose the one that you think incorrect, and write the corresponding letter on
　　Answer SheetⅠ。
　　51. Using the new digital tools available makes this process more easier since
　　the data can be transferred
　　A                   B           C                 D
　　directly to the computer.
　　52. One of the most common and serious problems facing by the aged is that of
　　making ends meet from one
　　A     B           C
　　day to the next.
　　D
　　53. If the number of smoking keep on rising, by the second or third decade of
　　the next century there could be
　　A     B                                 C
　　10 million deaths each year from smoking-related illness.
　　D
　　54. The temperature in the coastal city this summer hit a record high for the
　　year, peaked at a scorching 37.1
　　A                       B       C         D
　　degree centigrade.
　　55. It is important that students will know how to deal with multi-sense words
　　in English.
　　A             B               C       D
　　1
　　countryside to city as is
　　A             B         C                         D
　　happening now.
　　57. She as well as the other students have learned how to install this electric
　　equipment.
　　A             B       C           D
　　58. Manufacturing companies spend millions of pounds trying to convince
　　customers that their products are
　　A             B         C
　　superior than those of other companies.
　　D
　　59. It was not until the end of Second World War when petroleum and natural gas
　　liquids took the lead as
　　A                     B                       C
　　number one fuel.
　　D
　　60. Were it not for her lack of experience she will be the ideal person for the
　　job.
　　A       B           C           D

　　Key
　　I. listening Comprehension
　　1. library 2. books 3. demagnetized 4. embarrassed 5. interesting
　　6. Eight. 7. Stress and worry. 8. Sleeping poorly. 9. its solutions. 10. take
　　sleeping pills.
　　11-13 DAB 14-16 BCD 17-20 BACA
　　II. Vocabulary
　　21- 30 CDBCB DADCC 31-40 BCBDB CDBBC
　　III. Reading Comprehension
　　41-45 DDADB 46-50 DDBDB 51-55 ACDBA 56-60 BDDBD
　　IV. Translation
　　在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而着称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
　　《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General
　　Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”,并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
　　1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。
　　V. Writing
　　How To Solve The Energy Problems
　　Energy is one of the biggest problems people are faced with today. Not a few
　　far-sighted people point out that our natural resources are very much limited.
　　If we keep consuming our resources at the present rate, they warn, the world
　　will soon be running out of oil, coal and metals and this will certainly lead to
　　a serious energy crisis threatening mankind's survival.
　　The majority of the world's people have responded with a clamor for more severe
　　conservation of our natural resources. This is urgently necessary, indeed. It
　　must be realized that much of our energy, in the form of oil, coal, gas, or
　　electricity, has been wantonly consumed. If things go on like this, we will
　　leave for our descendants a devastated world, a vast stretch of wasteland. So,
　　from now on, we will have to make serious efforts to practise economy in using
　　energy and cut down waste of any form so as to slow down the present drain on
　　our limited resources.
　　But conservation alone is not all the answer. The best way to solve the energy
　　problem is, I think, to develop new sources of energy. It is obvious that, even
　　if we save much energy by using it carefully, our natural resources, however
　　abundant, will run out ultimately. And when they are unexplored areas seems to
　　be the only way out of our predicament.

声明：本站部分图片、文章来源于网络，版权归原作者所有，如有侵权，请与我们联系，会第一时间删除。

返回首页

上一篇 : 中科院金属研究所2015现代塑性加工力学考博真题

下一篇 : 2017年广东工业大学离散数学及应用考博真题